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Research development for practical use of Virtual
Global Network(VGN)
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Section
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Dept. of Anatomy I
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Reseacher
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Haruyuki Tatsumi
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| As translating Virtual Global Network based on End to
End MultiHome into a practical use, We have been providing the solution among
medical network and community network. This development enables us to promote a
use of IPv6 and to form highly-applicable basis of next-generation network. Moreover,
If the superiority of IPv6 Global Address can be proved, it will fasten the
IPv6 network and promote the safe, convenience and inexpensive cybernation
industry so that our “strategic defensive medicine framework” is expected to be
realize. |
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Potentiality of Myeloid stem cells for regeneration medicine and degenerative
disease
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Section
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Dept. of Anatomy II
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Reseacher
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Mineko Fujimiya
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Recent studies have clarified that myeloid stem cells function as precursors
for the organ regeneration while they spread throughout the body and cause
the organ damage associated with diabetes when it leads to a defect in
myeloid stem cells. This is recognized as the world’s first research in
which organ degeneration caused by various sorts of factors is regarded
as stem cell disease. Myeloid stem cell research should be considered to
be effective strategy for organ regeneration and degenerative disease.
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The study of Functional Brain-Gut axis
~the strategy for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder caused by stress~
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Section
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Dept. of Anatomy II
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Reseacher
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Mineko Fujimiya
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Even now, the effective treatment of Functional Upper Gastrointestinal
Disorder and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, the abnormalities in the gastrointestinal
motility caused by stress, has not been established. Recent studies have
shown that not only the efferent pathways from brain to gut but also the
afferent pathways of gut to brain are tightly related to these diseases.
Therefore dynamic approach based on the brain-gut axis should be necessary.
Our department has successfully developed the methods to measure the gastrointestinal
motility in conscious rats and mice and demonstrated the functional linkages
between brain and gut. We especially focus on the study of ghrelin, a
newly identified gastrointestinal hormone, to clarify the contribution
in the Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder.
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How does the heart beat?
~morphological and functional changes of the heart with development~
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Section
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Dept. of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction
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Reseacher
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Noritsugu Tohse,Mitsuhiro Fukao,Michimasa Tsutsuura, Takeshi Kobayashi
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| The heart is the organ that has automaticity. The heart begins to beat
in early embryonic period. After the beginning of heart beat, morphological
and functional changes of the heart are occurred during embryonic and postnatal
period. We are now investigating developmental changes of the heart in
order to clarify the mechanism involved with heart beat. Final our purpose
is the creation of the artificial heart. |
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中枢神経系の機能解明に関する研究 ～運動発現に係る神経回路の同庭から記憶形成のシナプスメカニズム解析まで～
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Section
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Dept. of System Neuroscience
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Reseacher
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Kiyoji Matsuyama,Yutaka Fujito,Masanori Ishiguro
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ヒトの中枢神経系は約1千億個ものニューロンから構成されており、運動、感覚、記憶・学習、思考・認知など様々な機能を営んでいます。このような多彩な機能を発現させるために、中枢神経系内にはそれぞれの機能に対応する神経回路が組み込まれています。中枢神経系の機能を明らかにするためには、それぞれの機能に対応した神経回路を同定し、その働きを明らかにすることが基本となります。
当講座では、中枢神経系の機能の中でも、1）歩行運動の発現・制御機能（松山）、2）脳の適応・代償機能の基礎過程（藤戸）、3）海馬ニューロンのシナプス機構（石黒）の解明を目指して研究を進めています。
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Molecular Mechanisms of Innate Immunity and Clinical Application
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Section
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Dept. of Medicalchemistry
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Reseacher
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Yoshio Kuroki
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Innate immunity is the fundamental host defense that discriminates between self and non-self and protects self by recognizing molecular patterns specific for pathogenic microbes. Toll-like receptors and hose defense lectins play important roles as the first line defense and function against pathogenic infections and inflammations. We have been trying to elucidate
the molecular basis of innate immune functions of Toll-like receptors and
hose defense lectins and to apply for clinical mecicine by using biochemical
methods.
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エピジェネティクスを標的とした診断・治療法の開発
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Section
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Dept. of Biochemistry
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Reseacher |
Minoru Toyota
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DNAメチル化をはじめとする、エピジェネティックな異常はがんにおける遺伝子不活化の 分子機構として注目を集めている。我々は、DNAメチル化で不活化される新規遺伝子を 同定し、がんの早期診断法の開発や再発の予測、抗がん剤感受性の予測への応用を めざし、研究を行っている。
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Molecular Pathology of Immune Disease and Cancer.
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Section
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Department Pathology I
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Reseacher
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Noriyuki Sato
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The Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine was established in 1945. Since pathology is the fundamental part of the medical school, a lot of doctors, scientists, graduate and undergraduate students have been sharing in routine pathologic practice, research, education and social activities. The expertise and main filed of our Department cover the basic and clinical pathology, immunology, oncology, cell biology and molecular biology. This broad interest constitutes fostering new ideas in research and fusing researchers of different background and fields.
Our Department is all the time open for all the peoples who are willing to study the basic and human pathology and medical science. We welcome you to join research in which you want to see genuine nature of human diseases.
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Tight junctions and human diseases: lesson from human nasal epithelium
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| Section |
Department Pathology II
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Reseacher
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Norimasa Sawada
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The human body includes various compartments that maintain independence from environment by a continuous cell sheet. For the functions of these compartments, passage through the intercellular spaces of the sheet must be strictly regulated by tight junctions (TJs). Once tight junctions are disturbed, illnesses such as asthma, jaundice, diarrhea etc. will develop. Our department has been trying to expand our understanding of molecular and human disease regulation as effectively tight junctions.
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病原微生物と宿主のせめぎあいを分子レベルでひも解く
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Section
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Dept. of Microbiology
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Reseacher
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Nobuhiro Fujii
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体は外界から更に体内には血液から隔離された区域がある。この独立性の維持するのが、細胞間隙シールするタイト結合である。粘膜免疫の重要な細胞間接着装置であり、血液組織関門の本体である。タイト結合の機能が低下すると、下痢、黄疸、がんの転移、糖尿病網膜症などが発生する。更に薬剤移行における細胞間隙経路の関門でもある。我々はタイト結合の調節機構を解明し、ヒトの病理の理解や治療への応用を目標にしている。
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Identification of anti-oxidants
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Section
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Dept. of Pharmacology
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Reseacher
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Yoshiyuki Horio
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Our laboratory is interested in histone/protein deacetylase sirtuin. We
found that the anti-oxidative effect of resveratrol, a polyphenol which
has been implicated in the “French Paradox”, is mainly due to activation
of SIRT1, a member of sirtuin family, and subsequent promotion of anti-oxidative
genes transcription by SIRT1. By using our system, it is possible to identify
biologically and highly anti-oxidative substances such as resveratrol.
An increased expression of intracellular sirtuin results in extension of
lifespan in yeast and C. elegans. The decrease in the calorie intake also
leads to extend lifespan across evolutionarily distinct species, including
yeast, C. elegans, Drosophila, rodents and primates. SIRT1 activity is
elevated by dietary restriction and SIRT1 has been implicated to be pivotal
in mediating the effect of dietary restriction to increase lifespan. It
was reported recently that resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine
and blueberry, increased SIRT1 activity and improved survival of mice on
a high-fat diet (Baur et al., Nature 2006). Lagouge et al. also reported
that resveratrol protected mice from diet-induce obesity and insulin resistance
(Cell, 2006). Resveratrol has been considered to have its own anti-oxidative
action. However, we found that SIRT1 mainly mediated the anti-oxidative
effect of resveratrol and that administration of resveratrol not only significantly
suppressed progression of heart failure but also improved prognosis in
the cardiomyopathic hamsters (Tanno et al., submitted). It is expected
that there are “the second resveratrol” which activates SIRT1 and provides
biological benefits and we can identify them.
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Molecular epidemiologic study of distribution and ecological nature on
emerging human rotaviruses
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Section
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Dept. of Hygiene
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Reseacher
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Nobumichi Kobayashi
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Group A rotavirus is the major viral cause of infantile gastroenteritis. In recent years, global expansion has been suggested for group B rotavirus causing severe diarrhea in adults and group C rotavirus which had been a rare cause of diarrheal diseases in children, and a novel species rotavirus which is distinct from group A-C rotaviruses was detected in Asia. We have been conducting molecular epidemiologic study of these newly recognized "emerging rotaviruses" as an international collaborative project to estimate their ecological nature (status of transmission) and design efficient measures to prevent their infections.
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Study on an anticancer effect of isoflavone
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Section
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Dept. of Public Health
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Reseacher
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Mitsuru Mori
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In recent years, Japanese disease and death rate from cancer associated
with sex hormone (breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer and endometrial
cancer) is increasing. It is indicated that soy beans, which is a local
specialty of Obihiro and Tokachi, functions as anticancer effect upon cancer
associated with sex hormone. Also, the study has showed that Equol which
is included in isoflavone has the most effective for those diseases and
there are people who have high capacity of produce Equol and people who
don’t. As the research indicates Equol capacity is influenced by bowel
flora, we have studied the bowel flora which influences anticancer effect
of isoflavone and Equal capacity.
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Cohort study of methylated DNA abnormalities associated with carcinogenesis and lifestyle habit
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Section
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Dept. of Public Health
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Reseacher
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Masanori Nojima
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As we collected blood serum on the baseline-research at Hobetsu town (now,
Mukawa town), We extract DNA from that blood serum of 600 examples and
analyzed aberrant methylation for presence. We have conducted the analysis
study concerning with patients’ lifestyle habit and disease using the
result we have got from the research.
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The promotion of medical researches founded on the applied ethics
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Section
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Div. of Philosophy and Ethics
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Reseacher
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Michio Imai
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We contribute to the planning of advanced medical researches which are
founded on the applied ethics such as bioethics and environmental ethics.
We investigate how to promote medical researches and innovations which
observe the current laws and guidelines. We moreover try to make proposals
to the legislation and preparing of guidelines.
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Study on the method to analyze the data for cancer incidence and mortality
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Section
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Div. of Mathmatics
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Reseacher
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Kenichi Kamo
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We make a study for analyzing several kinds of phenomena by using the theory
of mathematics. One interest is the analysis of the data for cancer. We
develop the proper method for analysis and give an interpretation from
the epidemiological viewpoint. These result can contribute the refinement
of the method.
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微生物培養残渣、各種キノコ、各種藻類の成分の分画、分取方法の確立と構造解析
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Section
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Section of Chemistry
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Reseacher
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Shinsei Gasa
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微生物培養残渣中や、キノコ類、海藻には未同定の有用成分が残存していることが予想
され、その成分の抽出、分離、分取法を確立し、精製標品の構造を解析した。
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Section
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Section of English
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Reseacher
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Shin Morioka
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Relations between the history of literature and language media; related research concerning literature and representations of “gender” in nineteenth century England; studies and research toward English language analysis and typologies from a cognitive linguistic approach; worldviews of Japanese literature and culture.
1) To view language in terms of its relationship with the media technology is our chief concern. We would like to investigate what it has contributed to the formation of expressions and thoughts in the field of literature.
2) We have explored the imaginative and literary dimension in some Victorian writers from the viewpoint of their rhetorics about gender and sexuality. Our study also examines the broader scope allowed by present-day Feminism for our reading of nineteenth century English literature.
3) Language is intertwined in a complex way with other cognitive mechanisms such as thought or vision. It also reflects our subjective construal of the outer world or the thought process. These are basic tenants of Cognitive Linguistics. We analyze English from this perspective. At the same time, we conduct typological research from the standpoint of a preferred coding tendency of Asian languages. We actively introduce the fruits of English linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics and Typology in our classes and help students to learn English.
4) We examine the various questions about plagiarism in relation to Japanese culture. Conclusions suggest that the common Western belief that plagiarism is a part of Japanese culture is incorrect.
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高解像度ヒトゲノムDNA定量的解析システム
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Section
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Cancer Research Institute Dept.of Molecular Biology
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Reseacher
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Takashi Tokino
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大部分のがんや一部の染色体起因性疾患では、染色体ゲノムの量的異常（コピー数変化）を呈している。このため、我々は高解像度かつ高精度にゲノムDNAを定量解析するシステムである。デジタルゲノムスキャニング法（DGS：Digital Genome Scanning）を開発し、がんおよび染色起因性疾患のゲノム研究に応用している。
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The elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the neural network
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Section
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Cancer Research Institute Dept. of Biochemistry
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Reseacher
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Masahiko Taniguchi
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During embryogenesis, axons reach their specific targets correctly to form the complex neural network found in the mature functional nervoussystem. The tip of growing axon, the growth cone, is specialized for reacting to environmental cues during navigation. Several groups of axon guidance molecules such as Semaphorins, Ephrins, Netrins, and Slits have been reported to repel or attract growing axons that express their cognate receptors. The main end of our research is the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of the neural network formation and higher brain function.
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Hepatic Stem/Progenitor Research and Their Application for Pharmaceutical Research and Liver Regenerative Medicine
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Section
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Cancer Research Institute Dept.of Pathology
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Reseacher
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Toshihiro Mitaka
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Small hepatocytes (SHs) are hepatic progenitor cells. When SHs are isolated from a normal adult liver and cultured in a dish, the cells can clonally proliferate to form a colony. SHs can be cryopreserved for a long term and their abilities as progenitor cells are maintained after thawing. In addition, it is easy to induce the maturation of SHs. The mature SHs express many drug-metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and the induction of most CYP activities by an agent is possible in the cells. Furthermore, the mature SHs can form bile canaliculi (BCs) between cells and a network of BCs is developed in the colony with time in culture. The cells make bile and secrete it into BCs. Thus, in a dish, SHs can reconstruct small hepatic organoids that are morphologically and functionally similar to the liver. We are now studying hepatic stem/progenitor cells and would like to apply our research results to human regenerative medicine in the near future.
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Detection of a plasma biomarker by using a sensitive and quantitative proteomic
approach
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Section
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Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
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Reseacher
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Yasuo Kokai
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Plasma is a mine of biomarker for diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. A candidate protein molecule is sometime quite limited in its concentration. Using disease models and functional protein probes in combination with highly sensitive mass spectrometry, we have developed quantitative and high-through put discovery system. These are consisted of two major component, those are an appropriate disease model with therapeutic mean and a biochemical tool probing a pathobiological events. By employing these approaches, we already detected several biomarkers in plasma.
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Gene therapy and immunotherapy for cancer: basic and developmental research
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Section
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Dept. of Molecular Medicine
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Reseacher
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Hirofumi Hamada,Kazunori Kato
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Cancer-targeting, which is screening the tumor cell in normal cells, is important method for an effective therapy for cancer. By establishing the system, which screens the cancer cell and administers the medication, it enables us to achieve the cancer-targeting while applying the peptide sequencing at the edge of fiber, called “Knob”, enables host-specificity to be altered. With this technology, we have successfully developed monoclonal antibody which is applicable to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and have promoted the joint research with pharmaceutical companies, biotech firms and scientific instrument manufactures.
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Cancer-targeting antibodies as seeds for developing novel therapeutic and
diagnostic reagents
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Section
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Dept. of Molecular Medicine
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Reseacher
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Hirofumi Hamada
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|
Cancer-targeting, which is screening the tumor cell in normal cells, is
important method for an effective therapy for cancer. By establishing
the system, which screens the cancer cell and administers the medication,
it enables us to achieve the cancer-targeting while applying the peptide
sequencing at the edge of fiber, called “Knob”, enables host-specificity
to be altered. With this technology, we have successfully developed monoclonal
antibody which is applicable to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and
have promoted the joint research with pharmaceutical companies, biotech
firms and scientific instrument manufactures.
|
Biological activities of antimicrobial peptides and steroid
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Section
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Animal Research Center
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Reseacher
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Hiroshi Isogai,Kohichi Takahashi
|
Animal Research Center provides various supports for researchers
of animal experiment and has research activities itself for contribution to
medical sciences.BMAP 28 and CAP18/LL37 were the factors of innate immunity in cows
and human, respectively. These are small
molecule proteins secreted from leucocytes and epithelial cells. The proteins have antimicrobial activity and
the important non-specific protective factors for microbial infections.Our studies showed that the proteins had strong antimicrobial
activities for various pathogenic bacteria using synthetic peptides of these
proteins.Moreover, we demonstrated anti-tumor activity of them which
attacked only tumor cell but not attacked normal cells. Antibiotic drags have problem for inducing antibiotic resistant
bacteria.
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Research for biological active substances from seaweeds, in reference to
preventive effect on cancer development by polysaccharide, fucoidan, from
brown algae
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Section
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Marine Biomedical Institute
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Reseacher
|
Nobuaki Takahashi
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| The study on the gene behavior by fucoidan towards mammalian cell was unknown.
We studied this problem using a DNA micro array method. We focused to one
among several obtained results, namely transformation-associated protein
(34A) gene; matrix metalloproteinase 10(MMP-10) gene. We demonstrated by
using RT-PCR that fucoidan significantly depressed the gene activity of
MMP-10. Thus, fucoidan appears to prevent cancer development. |
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附属産学・地域連携センターの紹介
|
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| Section |
Colleboration Center for Community and Industry
|
Reseacher
|
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附属産学・地域連携センターは産学・地域連携グループ、寄附金グループ、
知的財産管理室（知財室）の３つのグループ、室からなり、外部研究費や
寄附金の受け入れ・管理から、共同研究・受託研究の推進、知財の発掘、
管理・活用を行っています。学内外の情報窓口として学内の研究の推進を
支援し、企業や社会へ積極的に情報発信を行います。
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