1Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
2Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan. Electronic address: tmikami@sapmed.ac.jp.
3Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
4Department of Neural Regenerative Medicine, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Neurology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.
5Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
6Department of Neurosurgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Japan.
7Department of Neurology, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regeneration Research, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA.