1995$BG/EYKL3$F;J|

 I.I. $B4V@\2hA|$N2h2A$H2h

A Study of Evaluation of Image Intensifier Fluorographs for Improvement of Image Quality

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Summary

 To clarify which imaging factors enhance the quality of the image, we measured physical imaging properties and carried out subjective evaluation of image intensifier (I.I.) fluorographic images.
 Eight films with different characteristics were selected for I.I. fluorography, and the suitable iris diaphragm for each film was determined so that the all film-iris diaphragm systems would have equal sensitivity. Using these 8 type of film-iris diaphragm systems, the physical imaging properties were estimated by modulation transfer function (MTF), barium contrast K value, and root mean square (RMS). We then applied Thurstone's method of paired comparison and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to the subjective evaluation of I.I. fluorographic images.
 There were various physical imaging properties of the film-iris diaphragm systems, and each system had distinctive characteristics. In the subjective evaluation using the method of paired comparison, the high-contrast systems physically showed a high subjective scale of values. On the other hand, the areas under the ROC curves (Az) of each system were almost the same and ranged from 0.82 to 0.87, and in the ROC analysis, detectability of each systems was influenced only by physical granularities. These results indicated that improvement in the image quality of I.I. fluorographs would require appropriate contrast of the image in the method of paired comparison. The results of ROC analysis suggested that improvement in the physical granularity of the image may lead to better detectability in the image.
 We confirmed that subjective quality and detectability of I.I. fluorographic images depeneded mainly on contrast and granularity, and that good quality images subjectively did not always have high detectability. To improve the image quality of I.I. fluorographs, it was important that the factors of the image quality were elucidated using a suitable evaluation method, and then renovated for enhancing detectability.

Key words:I.I. fluorography, Film-iris diaphragm system, Physical imaging property, Subjective evaluation, Improvement of image
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            2.  $B5HEDM5;J(J,$BEDB<9@0l(J,$BM-KvB@O:(J:$B0_4b?GCG$K$*$1$k%k!<%A%s8!::$N3N$+$5(J.$B0_$HD2(J,20(9),943$B!>(J947,(1985).
            3.  $B1JLnM5H~(J,$B@>86Dg8w(J,$B5HED8-0l(J,$BB>(J:$B6;It@lMQ?7%9%/%j!<%s(J/$B%U%#%k%`%7%9%F%`$N2hA|FC@-(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,51(12),1742$B!>(J1746,(1995).
            4.  $BNkLZ?.><(J:I.I. $B4V@\2hA|$K$*$1$kHy>.?.9f$N8!=PG=(J.$BKLJ|5;=Q;o(J,55,25$B!>(J30,(1995).
            5.  $BNkLZ?.><(J,$BC0LnN';R(J,$B:4F#@5J8(J,$BB>(J:I.I. $B4V@\0_(JX$B@~2A(J.$BKLJ|5;=Q;o(J,53,77$B!>(J82,(1993).
            6.  $B;T@nJ?;0O:(J,$B5HEDM5;J(J.$B0_(JX$B@~?GCG$N9M$(J}$H?J$aJ}(J.170$B!>(J173,$B0e3X=q1!(J,$BEl5~(J,(1986).
            7.  $B:4F#?.(J:$BE}7WE*41G=8!::K!(J.225$B!>(J230,271$B!>(J289,$BF|2J5;O"(J,$BEl5~(J,(1985).
            8.  $BB<>eL-(J:$B0_(JX$B@~8!::$K$*$1$k(JComputed Radiography$B$NM-MQ@-$NI>2A(J $B!A(J $B%U%!%s%H%`2Nc$K$*$1$k8!(J $BF$(J $B!A(J.$BF|K\0eJ|2q;o(J,55(9),25$B!>(J32,(1995).
            9.  $BGr@P=gFs(J,$B;3:j>!(J,$BEDCf9n>0(J,$BB>(J:$B%+%F%4%jJ,N`$r9T$o$J$$I>DjJ}K!(J($BO"B33N?.EYK!(J)$B$rMQ$$$?(JROC$B2r@O$NM-MQ@-(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,50(10),1726$B!>(J1734,(1994).
            10.  $B;32<0lLi(J,$BJR6MIRCK(J,$B>9';J(J,$BB>(J:$B7ONsHO$A$e$&K!$K$h$k(JX$B@~A|$N2h2A(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,32(6),560$B!>(J565,(1977).
            11.  $B;32<0lLi(J:X$B@~A|$N2h2A$NLdBjE@$H$=$NE83+(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,33(3),267$B!>(J281,(1977).
            12.  $B0BF#1Q(J:$B:GE,2AK!(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,43(1),1$B!>(J8,(1987).
            13.  $BEZ0fK.M:(J:X$B@~2hA|$N?.9f8!=P$H;k3PFC@-$N=EMW@-(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,43(6),694$B!>(J729,(1987).
            14.  $B@P2,N<(J,$B4d^<=$;J(J,$B>.4X@5F;(J:$B0_It4V@\AuCV$N2hA|I>2A(J.$BKLJ|5;=Q;o(J,47,147$B!>(J151,(1987).
            15.  $BBgDM><5A(J:X$B@~8!::$K$*$1$k45(J780,(1983).
            16.  $BNkLZ>OFs(J,$B@FF#J8CK(J,$B>.NSM:0l(J,$BB>(J:$B0_(JX$B@~8!::$K$*$1$k%P%j%&%`IUCeG=$K$D$$$F(J.$BKLJ|5;=Q;o(J,45,46$B!>(J48,(1985).
            17.  $BNkLZ?.><(J,$B8^==Mr@50l(J,$BCgLn1YFA(J,$BB>(J:I.I. $B4V@\2hA|$NJ*M}FC@-$H2A$N4X78$K$D$$$F(J.$BKLJ|5;=Q;o(J,54,43$B!>(J48,(1994).
            18.  $B:4F#?.(J:$B41G=8!::F~Lg(J.80$B!>(J91,$BF|2J5;O"(J,$BEl5~(J,(1978).
            19.  $BBg2lBYJ8(J,$BDTK\Ip;N(J,$BEDH*MNFs(J,$BB>(J:X$B@~2A(J $B!A(J Thurstone$B$N0lBPHf3SK!$K$h$k<\EY2=$N;n$_(J $B!A(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,45(7),831$B!>(J839,(1989).
            20.  $B;32<0lLi(J,$B>9';J(J:$B?.9f8!=PM}O@$N(JX$B@~;#1F7O$X$NE,1~(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,33(2),111$B!>(J117,(1977).
            21.  $B;32<0lLi(J,$B>9';J(J:ROC$B6J@~$K$h$kA}46;f!A(J $B%U%#%k%`7O$NI>2A(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,33(2),156$B!>(J160,(1977).
            22.  $B;32<0lLi(J,$B0pK\0lIW(J,$B?9@n70(J:CRT$B4Q;!7O$K$*$1$k%G%#%8%?%k2hA|$N(JROC$B2r@O(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,42(7),989$B!>(J997,(1986).
            23.  $BGr@P=gFs(J,$BElEDK~<#(J,$BDEEDOBNI(J:CT$B2hA|$rMQ$$$?(JROC$B2r@O(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,46(8),1248,(1990).
            24.  $B5HED8-0l(J,$B@>86Dg8w(J,$B1JLnM5H~(J,$BB>(J:$B6;It@lMQ%9%/%j!<%s(J/$B%U%#%k%`%7%9%F%`$N;k3PE*I>2A(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,51(12),1737$B!>(J1741,(1995).
            25.  $BElEDA1<#(J,$B5HED>4(J,$B>!ED>:(J,$BB>(J:$B6;It;#1F$N$?$a$N?7$7$$A}46;f(J $B!A(J $B%U%#%k%`7O$N2hA|FC@-(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,52(4),20$B!>(J25,(1996).
            26.  Metz CE: ROC$B2r@O$N4pAC(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,46(6),831$B!>(J839,(1990).
            27.  $BGr@P=gFs(J,$B;32<0lLi(J:ROC$BI>Dj$K$*$1$k4Q;!;~4V$H4Q;!5wN%(J $B!A(J $BC1=c$J?.9f$N>l9g(J $B!A(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,47(11),1937$B!>(J1942,(1991).
            28.  $B1'ET5\$"$+$M(J,$BGr@P=gFs(J:ROC$B6J@~$NM-0U:98!Dj$K4X$9$k8&5f(J($BBh0lJs(J $B4Q;!;nNA4VJQF0$N2r@O(J).$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,51(8),1159,(1995).
            29.  $BBgDM><5A(J,$B5WJFM4;J(J,$B6yEDGn?C(J,$BB>(J:$BL)Ce(J,$B3HBg(J,$BN)BN;#1F$K$h$kHy>.?.9f$N8!=PG=(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,43(11),1612$B!>(J1618,(1987).
            30.  $BNkLZ?.><(J,$B;{EDIp;J(J,$BC0LnN';R(J,$BB>(J:I.I. $B4V@\2hA|$N(JROC$B2r@O$K$*$1$kO"B33N?.EYK!$NM-MQ@-(J.$BKLJ|5;=Q;o(J,56,1$B!>(J7,(1996).
            31.  $BElEDA1<#(J,$BD+86@54n(J,$B>.;{5H1R(J,$BB>(J:$BJ*M}FC@-$H;k3PI>2A$NBP1~$K$D$$$F(J.$BF|J|5;3X;o(J,48(12),2127$B!>(J2135,(1992).
            32.  $B%G%#%8%?%k2hA|$N(JROC$B2r@O8!F$HI(J:ROC$B2r@O$N4pAC$H1~MQ(J.14$B!>(J23,$BF|J|5;3X2q=PHG0Q0w2q(J,(1994).
            33.  $B66ED>;90(J,$BBgDM><5A(J,$B5WJFM4;J(J,$BB>(J:$B6;It(J28,(1988).
            34.  $B>>K\E0(J,$B>>K\K~?C(J,$BHS>BIp(J,$BB>(J:$B6;It4V@\2A(J(1)$B2h2A$HIBJQ8!=PG=(J.$B2hA|?GCG(J,4(1),75$B!>(J88,(1984).
             

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